For
years, we Americans have been bombarded with the same message: we are
fat. But in true American fashion, we can’t settle for that. We have
to be the fattest. The news is constantly telling us how fat we are,
the dangers of our high fat diets and how our fatness is leading to
heart disease and premature death, all while showing clips and images of
faceless, obese citizens innocently walking the streets.
But is this what fat really looks like?
BMI (body mass index) is an equation health professionals use to
classify people into weight categories. To determine your own weight
category, you must divide you weight in kilograms by the square of your
height in meters, or if you didn’t pay attention in math class you can
Google BMI calculator and punch in your info.
A BMI less than 25 is considered normal weight, 25-29 is overweight, and 30 and over is considered obese.
The problem with BMI is, it’s a height weight ratio: it doesn’t take
the quality of your body mass into account. For example: a 5’6” male
bodybuilder that weighs 220 pounds has the same BMI of a 5’6” sedentary
man that weighs 220 pounds.
The first man is obviously in great shape, but is still classified as obese and in the same group as the sedentary man.
I’m sure bodybuilders take offense to that. And you don’t want to see them angry.
Did You Know?
4 out of the top 10 leading causes of deaths are diet-related and include heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Body fat percentage, the percentage of your body that is fat mass
(as opposed to lean body mass which is made up muscles, bones and
organs) is a better indicator of body composition. There are 2 types
of body fat: subcutaneous fat which rests right under the skin, and
visceral fat which surrounds the internal organs.
So what’s my point?
No matter what your weight, you can still be unfit and over-fat.
The sedentary lifestyle Americans lead does not only affect the
overweight and obese, but also the thin. A person that appears to be
lean and thin can actually have a higher body fat percentage than
someone that is classified as overweight.
This leads us to the buzz word “skinny-fat.” Skinny-fat defines
someone that is thin, or of normal body weight, but due to lack of
proper diet and exercise has excess visceral fat that puts them in
danger.
There has been much debate over whether it is possible to be fat and
fit. Studies show us that it is absolutely possible to be classified
as overweight but still be fit and healthy.
Fitness is classified by your VO2 Max- or how well your muscles
utilize the oxygen you breathe. The more cardiovascularly fit you are,
the more efficiently your body uses oxygen.
MYTH: Carbohydrates are bad for you and should be avoided.
TRUTH: Carbohydrates are great.
Consider these fast facts:
• Immediate source of energy for the body
• Should account for most of your calories
for the day (45-65%)
• Provides brain with adequate glucose
Let’s say you and Lance Armstrong take a little bike ride up the
steepest hill you can find. You and Mr. Armstrong have relatively the
same size lungs so you breathe in the same volume of air. However,
Lance is (probably) more cardiovascularly fit than you, so his muscles
are trained to use more of the oxygen he breathes in. Thus, his heart
rate stays low and his breathing relatively normal. While he climbs
the hill with ease, you are (probably) huffing and puffing trying to
get more oxygen into your system. Your heart rate is probably through
the roof, while your heart tries to distribute as much oxygen as
possible to your exercising muscles.
The more efficiently your body runs, the longer it lasts. Must be nice to be Lance, huh?
Being of a normal weight has no bearing on how much fat is in your
body and how fit you are. The reverse is also true. While people see
the overweight and assume they are unhealthy, people see the thin and
assume they must be the opposite.
We are living in The Biggest Loser age, where the number on the
scale is the be-all, end-all of fitness. Nothing seems to matter but
weight. Thin celebrities flick their boney wrists and scoff, “me?
Workout? No, I was just blessed with good genes,” like its something to
be proud of.
Good for you.
This nation has a huge problem: aesthetics have taken priority over
health. Sure that diminutive celeb can fit into size zero jeans.
Congrats. But what about her heart? Lungs? Her bone density? Her risk
of cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes?
Did You Know?
The US does not have one federal agency that has sole mandate to
establish, implement, and evaluate national nutrition policy. The
problem being that nutrition policy cuts across several federal
agencies such as agriculture, exports, imports, commerce, foreign
relations, public health, and national defense.
It doesn’t matter because she is THIN!
Individuals who do not exercise have less lean muscle mass- plain
and simple, no matter what their weight. A loss in muscle mass has
been shown to increase one’s risk of heart disease, diabetes,
osteoporosis, obesity, high blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome.
Conversely, the more physically active you are, the less your chance
for said ailments, plus you are less likely to develop emotional
problems like depression or anxiety. Say goodbye to emotional eating.
According to Powell and Blair, sedentary living is responsible for
1/3 of deaths due to coronary heart disease, colon cancer, and diabetes.
Usually when one thinks of overweight individuals, heart attack risk
comes to mind. However, in a study of 900 women with heart problems,
those who were overweight, but fit, were less likely to have blocked
arteries, suffer a heart attack, stroke or other heart complications
compared to those who were of normal weight but unfit. Similarly, unfit
men with low waistlines (<87 cm) had a greater risk of all-cause
mortality than did fit men with larger waistlines (>99cm.).
It is important to note that not all fat is bad for you. Fat
soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) are absorbed into the fat in your
body. Fat is a great energy source, and a too-low body fat percentage
is very dangerous. You want to stay in the healthy body fat range for
you (10% -20% for men, 20%-30% for women) and consume heart healthy
fats, like those found in olive oil, nuts and avocados.
A big ol’ line needs to be drawn with indelible ink separating
weight and health. Everyone needs to exercise, no matter what your
size or weight. The United States Agricultural Department recommends
30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise most days of the week. No
one is exempt. So lock up your scale and preconceived notions of those
genetically blessed bean-poles, lace up your sneaks and get moving.
Bottom Line: Fitness matters! Think physical activity not exercise. The best way to change your lifestyle is to make it fit into you're daily routine.
5 Quick Fitness Tips to Add to your Daily Routine
1. Take a 5 minute break and walk every hour throughout the day.
2. Park the car in a space far from your intended destination.
3. Bring the groceries in one bag at a time.
4. If you are using public transportation, get off one stop early.
5. Keep your cell phone in another room.
5 Quick Nutrition Tips to Add to your Daily Routine
1. Add veggies to your sandwich.
2. Add fruit as a snack.
3. Try roasting/baking your meats.
4. Add low-fat dairy products to your fridge.
5. Try whole grain popcorn.
REFERENCES
1. Wessel TR, Arant CB, Olson MB, Johnson BD, Reis SE, Sharaf BL,
Shaw LJ, Handberg E, Sopko G, Kelsey SF, Pepine CJ, Merz NB.
Relationship of physical fitness vs body mass index with coronary
artery disease and cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2004 Sep
8;292(10):1179-87.
2. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men1,2,3 Mar.,1999
Chong Do Lee, Steven N Blair and Andrew S Jackson; The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
3. Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. Nutrition: Science and Application; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008
4. Powell KF, Blair SN The public health burdens of sedentary living
habits: theoretical but realistic estimates Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise 1994 Jul;26(7):851-6.
5. Blair SN, LaMonte MJ, Nichaman MZ The evolution of physical
activity recommendations: how much is enough? American Journal of
Nutrition Vol. 79, No. 5, 913S-920S, May 2004
6. Barlow CE, LaMonte MJ, Fitzgerald SJ , Kampert JB, Perrin JL, Blair
SN Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of
hypertension incidence among initially normaotensive healthy women
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 Han 15:163(2): 142-50
7. Finley CE, LaMonte MJ, Waslien CI, Barlow CE, Blair SN, Nichaman
MZ Cardiorespiratory fitness, macronutrient intake, and the metabolic
syndrome: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Journal of the
American Dietetic Association 2006 May; 106(5):673-9
8. Timothy S. Church, MD, MPH, PhD; Michael J. LaMonte, PhD; Carolyn E.
Barlow, MS; Steven N. Blair, PED Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body
Mass Index as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Men
With Diabetes Archives of Internal Medicine 2005;165:2114-2120.
9. Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CG, Chambliss HO. Exercise
treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response American Journal
of Preventative Medicine 2005 Jan;28(1):140-1.